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03 · Level 3Position size, drawdown, margin calls, and the habits that empty an account faster than any bad entry. Twelve lessons.

Risk and the mind: how accounts survive

  1. 3.1

    Risk per trade: the 1-2% rule

    Deciding the money you can lose on one trade before deciding anything else. Everything downstream — size, stop, target — follows from that number.

  2. 3.2

    Working out position size

    Risk in money, divided by the stop distance in pips, divided by pip value. Three numbers you already have, in that order.

  3. 3.3

    Risk and reward

    What the ratio between stop and target does to the hit rate you need. The arithmetic is fixed; the ratio you can actually get is not.

  4. 3.4

    Drawdown and losing streaks

    How far an account falls from its peak, and why a run of losses is normal rather than evidence that something broke.

  5. 3.5

    Margin call and stop out

    The two thresholds at which a broker warns you and then closes your positions, and the numbers that bring an account to them.

  6. 3.6

    Fear, greed and FOMO

    The three states in which traders break their own rules, and what each one feels like from the inside while it happens.

  7. 3.7

    Overtrading and chasing losses

    Two patterns that turn one bad trade into a bad week: trading more often than the plan allows, and raising size to win it back.

  8. 3.8

    Discipline: the rules you do not break

    A short written routine before, during and after the session — the part of trading that is the same every day.

  9. 3.9

    Signals, robots and copy trading

    Three ways to hand decisions to someone else, what each one actually copies, and what stays your risk regardless.

  10. 3.10

    Checking a broker in the local register

    Where the register is, what to type into it, and which answers mean the licence does not cover what you were offered.

  11. 3.11

    Tax on trading in your country

    Which authority wants to hear about trading results, what kind of income they are treated as, and what records to keep from the start.

  12. 3.12

    Taking your money out

    The route a withdrawal takes, how long each step holds it, and the checks that stop one.

Risk per trade as a number you choose before the platform shows a loss

The word risk in this level means one thing only: the amount of money you are willing to lose on a single trade if the market goes against you. It is not a feeling and not a warning. It is a number in dollars, chosen before the order is placed. On a platform showing AUD/USD at 0.6640, that number is written in A$ beside the trade, not worked out afterwards.

Most beginners pick a trade size by how much they can afford to put in, not by how much they can afford to lose. Those are different sums. A position can be closed by the broker at a loss larger than the money set aside for it, because the market moves while the order is open. The level teaches a limit of one or two per cent of account value per trade. On a A$5,000 account, one per cent is A$50. That A$50 is the loss you plan for, and the position size is chosen to make it so.

The figure is not a rule that makes a trade safe. It is a rule that keeps one bad trade from changing the account so much that the next ten decisions are made under pressure. A trader who risks A$500 on a A$5,000 account has ten trades of room before the account is gone. At A$50, there are a hundred. The level does not claim the second trader wins more often. It claims the second trader is still there to learn.

Why the account survives on position size, not on being right

Position size is the link between the risk number and the market. On AUD/USD, one pip is a small move in the fourth decimal place. The value of that pip depends on how many units are in the trade and on the conversion into Australian dollars. The platform shows the pip value, but it changes with the size. Working out position size means starting from the A$ risk, then finding the number of units that makes the stop distance equal that risk. If the stop is 20 pips away and the risk is A$50, the pip value must be A$2.50.

This is where most people trip. They set a stop first, then look at the position size the platform suggests, then accept it. That order is backwards. The stop distance and the risk amount are inputs. The size is the result. A tight stop does not make a trade safer if the size is doubled to keep the same profit potential. It makes the trade more sensitive to noise, and the loss is the same A$50 either way.

Drawdown is the measure of how far the account has fallen from its highest point. A losing streak of five trades at A$50 each is a A$250 drawdown on a A$5,000 account, or five per cent. That is survivable. The same five losses at A$500 each is A$2,500, or half the account. The level shows how streaks are normal, how a margin call arrives when the free money in the account runs low, and how a stop out closes positions without asking. The habits that empty an account faster than a bad entry are covered here: overtrading, chasing losses, and treating a signal or a robot as a substitute for a size calculation.

What the level does not decide for the reader

This level does not recommend a broker, a signal service, a robot or a copy-trading provider. It shows how to check a firm against the ASIC register, because the register is the public record and the check is free. It does not state tax rates or give tax advice. Tax on trading varies with personal circumstances and with how the activity is classified, and the level says so rather than inventing a figure. Payment methods such as PayID, BPAY and cards are mentioned only as ways money moves in and out, not as endorsements.

Withdrawing money is treated as a skill, not an afterthought. A reader who has never taken money out of a trading account may not know what identity checks, bank details or processing times are involved. The level covers the steps without promising a timeframe, because processing times vary between providers. The point is to test the withdrawal before it is needed, so that the route is known.

The level is honest about time. Twelve lessons can be read in a few hours. The habits take longer. A reader who finishes the level can calculate a position size from a risk amount and a stop distance, read a drawdown figure, recognise a margin call before it happens, and name the three or four behaviours that most often precede a blown account. That is a different set of abilities from the ones at the start of the level, where risk was a word on a screen.

Doing it once, step by step

The reader works through one sequence on paper or in a demo account, using AUD/USD at 0.6640 and a chosen account value. No live order is placed.

  1. 01

    Write the account value in Australian dollars

    Choose a figure such as A$5,000 and write it at the top of the page. This is the number every later calculation refers to. Do not use a figure that would change if the trade lost money.

  2. 02

    Set the risk per trade as a percentage and convert it

    Pick one per cent and multiply the account value by 0.01. On A$5,000 that is A$50. Write the result beside the account value. This is the maximum loss for the trade, not the amount put into the market.

  3. 03

    Choose a stop distance in pips

    Decide where the trade idea is wrong, and measure that distance in pips on the AUD/USD chart. A stop 20 pips away is a common example. The distance is an input, not something adjusted to fit a preferred size.

  4. 04

    Divide the risk by the stop distance to get pip value

    A$50 divided by 20 pips gives A$2.50 per pip. That is the pip value the position must produce. If the platform shows a different pip value for the size being considered, the size is wrong.

  5. 05

    Find the position size that matches that pip value

    Use the platform's pip value display to adjust the number of units until the pip value is A$2.50. Write the size down. Do not round it up to make the potential profit look better.

  6. 06

    Check the drawdown after five losses at that size

    Multiply the A$50 risk by five to get A$250, then divide by the A$5,000 account value to get five per cent. Repeat the whole sequence with a risk of five per cent and note the drawdown figure. The comparison shows why the level spends its time on size rather than on entry signals.

Questions that come up next

How long does this level take to work through?

The twelve lessons are short, but the ideas need time to settle. Reading them once takes a few evenings. Most people need several weeks of placing small trades before position size stops feeling like arithmetic and starts feeling like a habit. There is no schedule to keep up with, and no part of the level expires.

Do I need to finish level two before starting this one?

The level assumes you can already read a price on a platform and place an order. If you cannot yet find the fourth decimal place on AUD/USD, go back and do that first. Nothing here asks you to know more than that. The two levels are written to sit next to each other.

What happens if I skip the position size lesson and read the rest?

The later lessons will not make sense without it. Drawdown, margin calls and losing streaks are all measured against the risk you chose per trade. Skip the sizing and those words become stories rather than numbers. The order of the lessons is the order the ideas build in.

Is a smaller position always the safer choice?

A smaller position reduces the money lost when the stop is hit, and that is all it does. It does not reduce the chance of the stop being hit. It also does not fix a stop placed too close to the market. Size is one input among several, and treating it as the whole answer hides the others.

Can I practise this without putting money in?

A demonstration account shows the same platform, the same pip values and the same margin figures. What it does not show is how you behave when the money is real. Use it to rehearse the arithmetic, then move to a small live account when the sums are automatic. The habits are the part that needs real money to test.

Where does the money leave from when I withdraw?

It varies between brokers. Australian accounts commonly use PayID, BPAY and cards, and the route back is usually the route the money came in on. Fees, cut-off times and how many days it takes all vary, so read the broker's own page rather than a general guide. Keep the withdrawal test small and do it early.

The words used on this page

Position size
The number of units held in a trade. It is the result of the risk amount and the stop distance, not a figure chosen on its own.
Drawdown
How far an account has fallen from its highest value. It is measured in money and in per cent, and it is the number that decides how much room is left.
Margin call
A message from the broker that the money set aside for open trades is running low. It asks for more funds or for positions to be closed.
Stop out
The point at which the broker closes a position without asking, because the margin is gone. It happens at a level the broker sets, and it varies.
Overtrading
Placing more trades than the plan allows, usually after a loss or during a quiet stretch. The count rises while the reasons for each trade get thinner.
Copy trading
A service that repeats another person's trades in your account. The size, the timing and the risk are set by someone else, and the result is still yours.

What to take away

  • Risk per trade is a number in dollars chosen before the order, not a feeling after it.
  • Position size is the result of the risk and the stop distance, never the starting point.
  • An account survives on how much each loss costs, not on how often a trade is right.
  • The habits in this level are the ones that decide whether there is an account left to learn with.

Printable summary

Every lesson in this level on a few pages, with the worked figures. For reading away from the screen.

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Start at the first lesson if this is new. If you already have an account, Level 3 is the one that keeps it.Kateyour course guide